Orkney’s towns each have a distinct character, shaped by centuries of history, trade, and cultural exchange. Among them, Kirkwall stands as the vibrant capital. Its skyline is dominated by the imposing St Magnus Cathedral, founded in the 12th century and often hailed as the ‘Light of the North.’ Within its ancient walls lie stories of Viking earls and medieval pilgrims, reflecting Orkney’s deep-rooted heritage. Beyond the cathedral, Kirkwall’s winding streets are lined with an eclectic mix of independent shops, cafés, and restaurants, many showcasing locally sourced produce, traditional crafts, and contemporary Orkney design. The town is eminently walkable, allowing visitors to explore the Orkney Museum, admire historic buildings such as the Bishop’s and Earl’s Palaces, and perhaps take a leisurely detour to the renowned Highland Park Distillery. In Kirkwall, history and modern life intertwine, creating an atmosphere that is both engaging and authentic.

Stromness, by contrast, grew up along the shores of Hamnavoe—“the haven bay”—where seafarers once found shelter and respite. Its maritime past is woven into the very fabric of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Stromness occupied a pivotal point on global trade routes. Ships of the Hudson’s Bay Company regularly called here, recruiting Orcadians for ventures into Arctic Canada, linking Orkney to a far-flung network of exploration and commerce. Today, the town’s heritage remains visible in its narrow, flagstone streets and distinctive waterfront architecture. Visitors will find a lively arts scene centred around galleries and cultural venues like the Pier Arts Centre, which houses an impressive collection of modern and contemporary British art. Local museums help tell the tale of Stromness’s seafaring days, while cafés and shops provide welcoming stops to pause and soak up the atmosphere.

Together, Kirkwall and Stromness offer complementary experiences. One invites visitors to delve into Norse and medieval history, enjoy modern amenities, and appreciate local craftsmanship. The other channels an era of maritime adventure, creative endeavour, and global connections. Both towns reflect the independent spirit and warm hospitality of Orkney’s people, making them unmissable destinations for those keen to discover the islands’ unique character and charm.

For those interested in Orkney’s rich history, a visit to Birsay in the northwest corner of the Mainland is rewarding. While technically more a village than a town, Birsay has a long association with Orkney’s past. Close by, the Brough of Birsay—accessible by a tidal causeway—reveals Pictish and Norse ruins. The area’s stunning coastal scenery, the striking cliffs at Marwick Head, and the nearby Earl’s Palace offer visitors a taste of Orkney’s layered story.